Intervenciones para el desarrollo infantil basadas en el Modelo Touchpoints: revisión de alcance / Interventions for child development based on the Touchpoints Model: scoping review / Intervenções para o desenvolvimento infantil baseadas no Modelo Touchpoints: revisão de escopo

Objetivo: mapear las características de las intervenciones para promover el desarrollo infantil que utilizaron el Modelo Touchpoints. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance, guiada por las recomendaciones del JBI Reviewer's Manual, realizada en nueve bases de datos, en la literatura gris y en la lista de referencias de los estudios seleccionados. La pregunta de investigación fue "¿cuáles son las características de las intervenciones con padres/cuidadores y niños para promover el desarrollo infantil, desde el embarazo hasta los seis años, con base en el Modelo Touchpoints?". Se utilizó el Rayyan para la selección de los estudios y un guión para la extracción de datos. El análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva. Resultados: se incluyeron doce publicaciones. Las intervenciones fueron heterogéneas; concentradas en el período comprendido entre el embarazo y los tres años de edad; priorizó la difusión del contenido de los Touchpoints según la edad y los aspectos de parentalidad; la mayoría fueron realizadas por enfermeros, en la Atención Primaria de Salud y durante las visitas domiciliarias. Las intervenciones se relacionaron con el desarrollo general, una mayor comprensión del desarrollo y una mayor interacción con el niño. Conclusión: los estudios han demostrado potencial para obtener resultados favorables para el desarrollo infantil y la parentalidad. La variabilidad de las intervenciones dificultó el mapeo de las características más efectivas."

Objective: to map the characteristics of interventions to promote child development that used the Touchpoints Model. Method: this is a scoping review, guided by the recommendations of the JBI Reviewer's Manual, carried out in nine databases, in the gray literature and in the reference list of the selected studies. The research question was "what are the characteristics of interventions with parents/caregivers and children to promote child development, from pregnancy to six years of age, based on the Touchpoints Model?". Rayyan was used for the selection of studies and a standard form for data extraction. The analysis was carried out descriptively. Results: twelve publications were included in the review. Interventions were heterogeneous; concentrated in the period from pregnancy to three years of age; prioritized the dissemination of Touchpoints content according to age, and parenting aspects; most were performed by nurses, in Primary Health Care, and during home visits. Interventions were related to overall development, greater understanding of development and greater interaction with the child. Conclusion: studies have shown potential for favorable outcomes for child development and parenting. The variability of interventions made it difficult to map more effective characteristics.

Objetivo: mapear as características das intervenções para a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil que utilizaram o Modelo Touchpoints. Método: revisão de escopo, guiada pelas recomendações do JBI Reviewer's Manual realizada em nove bases de dados, na literatura cinzenta e na lista de referências dos estudos selecionados. A questão de pesquisa foi: quais são as características das intervenções com pais/cuidadores e crianças para promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, da gestação até os seis anos de idade, baseadas no Modelo Touchpoints? Foram utilizados o Rayyan, para a seleção dos estudos, e um roteiro, para a extração de dados. A análise foi realizada de forma descritiva. Resultados: foram incluídas doze publicações. As intervenções eram heterogêneas; concentradas no período da gestação até os três anos de idade; priorizaram a disseminação de conteúdo dos Touchpoints segundo idade e aspectos de parentalidade; a maioria foi realizada por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde e na visita domiciliar. As intervenções foram relacionadas ao desenvolvimento global, à maior compreensão sobre o desenvolvimento e à maior interação com a criança. Conclusão: os estudos evidenciaram potencial para resultados favoráveis ao desenvolvimento infantil e à parentalidade. A variabilidade das intervenções dificultou mapear características mais efetivas.

Hábitos de alimentación infantil y su relación con las prácticas y conocimientos nutricionales parentales

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre las prácticas parentales de alimentación, los conocimientos nutricionales de los padres y los hábitos de alimentación infantil reportados por padres de cuatro instituciones educativas del suroccidente de Colombia. Método: Estudio observacional con diseño transversal correlacional. Se analizaron los datos de 1.162 padres de niñas y niños matriculados en los grados de preescolar hasta tercero de primaria de cuatro instituciones educativas públicas, quienes contestaron cuestionarios de autoinforme. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Resultados: La dieta de las niñas y los niños se caracteriza por un consumo frecuente de alimentos ultraprocesados y un consumo de frutas y verduras menor de lo esperado. Se encontraron relaciones entre las prácticas parentales de alimentación responsivas y el consumo de alimentos saludables en los hijos, así como entre las prácticas autoritarias y permisivas con el consumo frecuente de alimentos ultraprocesados. El nivel de conocimiento nutricional de los padres no se relacionó con la dieta de las niñas y los niños; sin embargo, se encontró una relación entre las prácticas parentales responsivas, un bajo nivel de conocimientos nutricionales de los padres y una baja frecuencia de consumo de frutas y verduras en los hijos. Conclusión: La alimentación es un fenómeno complejo, e implica la interacción entre los factores individuales y contextuales; en esta medida, la promoción de hábitos saludables involucra un trabajo conjunto en los múltiples niveles de interacción. Se espera que los resultados de este estudio posibiliten la construcción de intervenciones interdisciplinares oportunas, en poblaciones de bajos y medios ingresos en el territorio observado.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between parental feeding practices, parental nutritional knowledge, and child feeding habits reported by parents in four educational institutions in southwestern Colombia. Method: Observational study with correlational cross-sectional design. Data were analysed from 1.162 parents of children enroled in grades from preschool to third grade from four public educational institutions. Parents answered self-report questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results: The children's diet is characterised by frequent consumption of ultra-processed food and a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables. Relationships were found between responsive parenting practices and healthy food consumption in children, as well as between authoritarian and permissive practices with frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods. The level of nutritional knowledge of parents was not related to the children's diet; however, a relationship was found between responsive parenting practices, a low level of nutritional knowledge of parents, and a low frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Conclusion: Eating is a complex phenomenon and involves the interaction between individual and contextual factors. To this extent, the promotion of healthy habits involves joint work at multiple levels of interaction. The results of this study are expected to allow the construction of timely interdisciplinary interventions in low- and middle-income populations in the observed territory.

Associations between Sociodemographic and Behavioral Variables and Educational Practices on Mother-Child Dyads

The association between the sociodemographic variables of children with behavior problems and mothers with maternal depression is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the association of these variables with maternal parenting practices in typical samples, i.e., children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. The aim of this study was to identify associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and mothers with the mothers' parenting practices and children's behavioral indicators (resources and problems) in a sample of children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study addressed 46 biological mothers (married or in a stable relationship) and their children. A sociodemographic questionnaire and validated instruments addressing child behavior, maternal mental health, and parenting practices were applied. Findings showed that the mothers did not present mental health problems (e.g., behavior problems or maternal depression), but a) they presented deficits of positive practices and an excess of negative practices, and the children displayed deficits in social skills and behavior problems; b) there was an association between positive practices and the children's social skills and between negative practices and children's behavior problems; c) the frequency of positive and negative practices was equivalent among boys and girls, and d) boys more frequently presented behavior problems while school-aged children more frequently presented social skills deficits. The results indicate that even non-clinical samples may present harmful parenting practices, excess negative practices, and deficits in positive practices. Hence, there is a need for timely interventions to prevent behavior problems among children and maternal depression arising from conflicting interactions in the parenthood sphere.

Las asociaciones de variables sociodemográficas de madres con depresión materna y de sus hijos con problemas comportamentales son ampliamente reconocidas en la literatura. Por otro lado, en muestras típicas existe un vacío de estudios que traten de las asociaciones de esas variables con las prácticas parentales maternas; o sea, en niños de corta edad sin problemas comportamentales y en madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas de hijos y de las prácticas parentales de sus madres con los indicadores comportamentales de recursos y problemas de los hijos. Se utilizó una muestra de hijos sin problemas comporta-mentales y de madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 46 madres biológicas que vivían con su pareja y sus hijos. Las participantes respondieron al cuestionario sobre variables sociodemográficas y a los instrumentos calibrados sobre comportamientos infantiles, salud mental materna y prácticas educativas. Se identificó que: (a) a pesar de no presentar problemas de salud mental (problemas de comportamiento y depresión materna), las madres evidenciaron un déficit de prácticas positivas y un exceso de prácticas negativas; a su vez, los hijos presentaron déficit de habilidades sociales y hubo quejas comportamentales; (b) se encontró asociación entre las prácticas positivas y las habilidades sociales; también se encontró asociación entre las prácticas negativas y las quejas comportamentales; (c) las prácticas positivas y negativas ocurrieron de manera equivalente entre niños y niñas; y (d) los niños tuvieron más quejas comportamentales; además, los hijos, en edad escolar, tuvieron más déficits de habilidades sociales. Los datos indican que inclusive en muestras no clínicas existen variables de riesgo en lo que se refiere a la parentalidad, a excesos de prácticas negativas y a déficits de prácticas positivas. Lo encontrado sugiere la necesidad de intervenir precozmente, para evitar el surgimiento de problemas de comportamiento infantil y también de la depresión materna, cuando esta proviene de interacciones de conflictos en el ambiente de la parentalidad.

Aplicación móvil para el seguimiento del crecimiento y cuidado nutricional del bebé en hogares colombianos

Introducción: El predominio y asequibilidad actual de los teléfonos móviles inteligentes han permitido una amplia difusión de variedad de aplicaciones a nivel mundial para el monitoreo del crecimiento y del estado nutricional de los lactantes. No obstante, la mayoría de estos recursos no son lo suficientemente completos para proveer una interfaz amigable de seguimiento del crecimiento, combinada con una adecuada educación parental en materia de nutrición y alimentación complementaria. Objetivos: Este trabajo pretende presentar el desarrollo y evaluación de la aplicación propuesta "Baby Home", con el fin de estudiar su potencial como herramienta digital de apoyo a padres y cuidadores en el cuidado nutricional de sus niños desde el hogar. Materiales y métodos: Baby Home integra una interfaz de seguimiento interactivo del crecimiento del bebé con una serie de contenidos educativos alimentarios, posibilitando al usuario consultar las prácticas recomendadas según el estado nutricional estimado de su bebé. Un conjunto de 7 jueces expertos fue reunido para evaluar la validez de estos contenidos consignados en la aplicación. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un estudio de prueba piloto con 8 madres participantes, las cuales aportaron en las fortalezas y debilidades de las funcionalidades propuestas. Resultados: la aplicación desarrollada muestra una aprobación positiva por los especialistas consultados y una aceptación satisfactoria entre las madres participantes gracias a su diseño amigable y funcionalidades de fácil uso. Los recursos visuales implementados prueban ser adecuados para la apropiación de los contenidos alimentarios y el empoderamiento del usuario en torno a los cuidados nutricionales que requieren sus niños. Conclusiones: Baby Home se ubica como un soporte práctico y accesible para el cuidado nutricional del lactante, otorgando seguridad y confianza al usuario en la alimentación de su niño y disponiendo la posibilidad de detectar oportunamente problemas de crecimiento.

Introduction: The current prevalence and affordability of smartphones have enabled a broad diffusion of a variety of mobile applications worldwide for monitoring infant's growth and nutritional status. However, most of these resources are not comprehensive enough to provide a user-friendly interface for growth tracking combined with proper parental education on nutrition and complementary feeding. Objectives: This work aims to present the development and evaluation of the proposed application "Baby Home", in order to study its potential as a digital tool for supporting parents and caregivers in the nutritional care of their children from home. Materials and methods: Baby Home integrates an interactive baby growth monitoring interface with a collection of educational content on infant feeding, allowing the user to check the recommended practices based on the estimated nutritional status of their baby. A panel of seven expert judges was assembled to evaluate the validity of these contents included in the application. Subsequently, a pilot study was carried out with eight participating mothers who contributed to the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed functionalities. Results: The developed application received positive feedback by the consulted specialists and a satisfactory acceptance within the participating mothers thanks to its friendly design and easy-to-use functionalities. The implemented visual resources proved to be well suited for the user's appropriation of feeding contents and their empowerment regarding the nutritional care required by their children. Conclusions: Baby Home is positioned as a practical and accessible support for the nutritional care of infants, providing safeness and confidence to the user in their child's feeding and the possibility of timely detection of growth problems.

Parental presence during invasive pediatric procedures: what does it depend on? / A presença dos pais durante procedimentos pediátricos invasivos: depende de quê? / Presencia de los padres durante procedimientos pediátricos invasivos: ¿De qué depende?

Abstract Objective: family-centered care during invasive procedures has been endorsed by many professional health care organizations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health professionals' attitudes towards parental presence during their child's invasive procedure. Method: pediatric healthcare providers (divided in professional categories and range of ages) from one of the Spain's largest hospitals were asked to complete a questionnaire and write free-text comments. Results: 227 responded the survey. Most (72%) participants, in their answers, reported that parents are sometimes present during interventions, although there were differences between professional categories in this respect. The procedures in which the parents were present were those considered "less invasive" (96% of cases), while only 4% were present in those considered "more invasive". The older the professional, the less necessary parental presence was considered. Conclusion: the attitudes towards parental presence during pediatric invasive procedure are influenced by the professional category, the age of the healthcare provider and the invasiveness of the procedure.

Resumo Objetivo: o atendimento centrado na família durante procedimentos invasivos tem sido endossado por muitas organizações profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde em relação à presença dos pais durante o procedimento invasivo realizado em seus filhos. Método: os prestadores de serviços de saúde pediátricos (divididos em categorias profissionais e faixa etária) de um dos maiores hospitais da Espanha foram solicitados a preencher um questionário e escrever comentários de texto livre. Resultados: a pesquisa foi respondida por 227 pessoas. A maioria (72%) dos participantes, em suas respostas, relatou que os pais algumas vezes estão presentes durante as intervenções, embora houvesse diferenças entre as categorias profissionais a esse respeito. Os procedimentos em que os pais estavam presentes eram aqueles considerados "menos invasivos" (96% dos casos), enquanto apenas 4% estavam presentes naqueles considerados "mais invasivos". Quanto mais velho o profissional, a presença dos pais foi considerada menos necessária. Conclusão: as atitudes em relação à presença dos pais durante o procedimento pediátrico invasivo são influenciadas pela categoria profissional, a idade do prestador de serviço de saúde e a invasividade do procedimento.

Resumen Objetivo: la atención centrada en la familia durante procedimientos invasivos ha sido respaldada por muchas organizaciones profesionales dedicadas al cuidado de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las actitudes de los profesionales de la salud con respecto a la presencia de los padres durante los procedimientos invasivos realizados en niños. Método: a los prestadores de atención médica en Pediatría (divididos en categorías profesionales y rangos de edad) de uno de los hospitales más importantes de España se les solicitó que respondieran un cuestionario y redactaran comentarios de texto libre. Resultados: un total de 227 profesionales respondieron la encuesta. En sus respuestas, la mayoría (72%) de los participantes informó que, en ocasiones, los padres están presentes durante las intervenciones, aunque se registraron diferencias entre las distintas categorías profesionales al respecto. Los procedimientos en los que los padres estuvieron presentes se consideraron como "menos invasivos" (96% de los casos), mientras que solamente el 4% estuvo presente en los considerados "más invasivos". A mayor edad de los profesionales, menos necesaria se consideró la presencia de los padres. Conclusión: las actitudes con respecto a la presencia de los padres durante procedimientos pediátricos invasivos se vieron influenciadas por la categoría profesional, la edad del prestador de salud y la invasividad de los procedimientos.

Idealização da maternidade e herança psíquica: reflexões no contemporáneo / Idealization of motherhood and psychic heritage: reflections in the contemporary / Idealización de la maternidad y herencia psíquica: reflexiones en lo contemporáneo

Considerando as transformações na maternidade ao longo da história e a atual crise identitária na relação da mulher com a maternidade, ou seja, o conflito entre os ideais de maternidade relacionados à figura da mulher/mãe e as demandas contemporâneas de realização individual no trabalho, realizou-se este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo consistia em descrever e analisar, a partir da psicanálise de casal e família, a experiência de mães que abandonaram da carreira profissional para a dedicação exclusiva à maternidade. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres de classe média, entre 30 e 50 anos, que eram mães e abandonaram suas carreiras profissionais para se dedicarem à maternidade. As entrevistas que compuseram os resultados foram transcritas e as análises de conteúdo temática apontaram as múltiplas exigências, tanto sociais, quanto relacionadas à herança psíquica, que trazem implicações para a construção identitária dessas mulheres. Concluímos que um processo de elaboração dessa herança exige uma rede vincular de apoio e pressupõe a desidealização da maternidade, entendendo-a como plural, tanto no sentido de ser múltipla e diversa, quanto no sentido de ser uma construção vincular.

Noticing the history transformations in motherhood, and the current identity crisis in the woman's relationship between femininity and maternity, that is, the conflict between the ideas of motherhood related to the figure of the woman/mother and the contemporary demands of individual realization at work, this exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, study of a qualitative approach was carried out, whose objective was to describe and analyze, from the perspective of psychoanalysis of the linking configurations, the experience of mothers who abandoned the professional career for the exclusive dedication to motherhood. Eight middle-class women, aged between 30 and 50, who were mothers and abandoned their professional careers to dedicate themselves to motherhood-retirar, were interviewed. The interviews that composed the results were transcribed, and thematic content analyses pointed out the multiple demands, both social and related to psychic heritage, which have implications for the identity construction of these women. We conclude that an elaboration of this heritage requires a link network of support and presupposes the non-idealization of motherhood, understanding it as plural, both in the sense of being multiple and diverse, and in the sense of being a bonding construction.

Considerando los cambios en la maternidad a lo largo de la historia y la actual crisis de identidad en la relación de la mujer con la maternidad, es decir, el conflicto entre los ideales de maternidad relacionados con la figura de la mujer/madre y las demandas contemporáneas de realización individual en el trabajo, se realizó este estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo consistía en describir y analizar, a partir del psicoanálisis de las configuraciones vincular, la experiencia de madres que abandonaron de la carrera profesional para la dedicación exclusiva a la maternidad. Fueron entrevistadas ocho mujeres de clase media, entre 30 y 50 años. que eran madres y abandonaron sus carreras profesionales para dedicarse a la maternidad-retirar. Las entrevistas que compusieron los resultados fueron transcritas y los análisis de contenido temático señalaron las múltiples exigencias, tanto sociales, como relacionadas a la herencia psíquica, que traen implicaciones para la construcción identitaria de esas mujeres. Concluimos que un proceso de elaboración de esa herencia exige una red vincular de apoyo y presupone la desidealización de la maternidad, entendiéndola como plural, tanto en el sentido de ser múltiple y diversa, como en el sentido de ser una construcción vincular.

Teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva / Subjective theories about waiting time and experiences from adoptive parenting

Resumen El proceso de adopción comprende cambios importantes en las familias adoptivas, pues implica una reestructuración y adaptación a una nueva organización del sistema familiar. Durante este proceso los padres elaboran expectativas y creencias respecto a cómo comportarse frente a los cambios y adaptarse a sus hijos, desde donde dirigen sus prácticas de crianza. La percepción del tiempo que tenga cada persona posee un papel en cómo se desarrolla la identidad tanto individual como familiar, pues las experiencias pasadas, vivencias actuales y expectativas del futuro influyen en sus acciones. Por lo tanto, es posible decir que los padres adoptivos elaboran teorías subjetivas sobre este proceso y especialmente en relación con el tiempo de espera de la adopción, explicaciones que podrían incidir en la forma en que enfrentan este nuevo desafío y se preparan para la parentalidad. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender las teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y las experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva. Participaron diez madres y padres adoptivos mediante entrevistas episódicas individuales. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando técnicas de tres procedimientos de análisis: de contenido basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, específico para las teorías subjetivas y de la perspectiva temporal. De los hallazgos se destacan teorías subjetivas de contenido emocional ansioso durante el proceso de adopción. Además, contar con una red de apoyo, compartir experiencias con otros padres y el uso de estrategias personales son las principales estrategias de adaptación de los padres adoptivos que les permiten sobrellevar los sentimientos negativos durante el proceso.

Abstract The adoption process includes important changes in adoptive families, since it implies a restructuring and adaptation to a new organization of the family system. The path to parenthood entails changes at levels of mental, physical and social health, which in the case of adoptive parents, the challenges are greater or are altered in some way due to the unique characteristics of their experiences and the obstacles they face. To these challenges are added the usual stressors that parents face, such as changes in roles, increased stress, lack of sleep, alterations in the relationship and intimacy of the couple and difficulties that arise in raising their children. On the other hand, time is configured as a concrete dimension through which life develop. The relationship between objective time and subjective or psychological time will shape the perception of time that each person has, which has a role in how both individual and family identity develops. This is because people´s actions are influenced by past experiences, current experiences and future expectations. One of the areas of the adoption process that has not yet been deepened is the waiting time, the period of time between obtaining the suitability and assignment of the minor to the adoptive family, which can be considered important for the future family depending on how adoptive parents face it, this because the way in which the adoption process is experienced impacts both the path to parenthood and post-adoption adaptation. In fact, it confirms that waiting time influences the psychological well-being of adoptive parents. Therefore, it is possible to say that adoptive parents elaborate subjective theories about this process and especially in relation to the waiting time for adoption, explanations that could influence the way in which they face this new challenge and prepare for parenthood. The present study aimed to understand subjective theories about the waiting time and experiences of adoptive parenting. Ten adoptive mothers and fathers participated in this study through individual episodic interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using techniques of three analysis procedures: content based on Grounded Theory, specific for subjective theories and time perspective.

Significados de familia para familias contemporáneas

(analítico) Frente a la existencia de diferentes formas familiares y para comprender el significado que el ser humano desde su diversidad le da a la familia, se realizó un estudio narrativo con enfoque cualitativo, usando como técnica la entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron integrantes de tres formas familiares: homoparental, con hijos producto de inseminación y adoptiva. Emergieron cinco categorías: definición de familia, aceptación, crianza, actitudes del medio familiar y social. El análisis concluye que el ser humano, desde su diversidad, le da un significado a la familia a partir de sus vivencias, sin diferenciar género, roles o funciones; por tanto, exigen derechos igualitarios frente a la conformación y dinámica familiar de los diferentes modelos y formas familiares, evidenciado la necesidad de ampliar la mirada sobre los significados atribuidos a la familia.

(analytical) Given the existence of different types of families, and with the aim of understanding the meaning that human beings give to the diverse expressions of family that currently exist, a qualitative narrative study using semi-structured interviews was carried out. Members of 3 different types of families participated: homoparental, families with children who are the result of artificial insemination and families that adopted their children. Five categories emerged from the interviews: the meaning of family, acceptance, parenting, social life and attitudes to the family environment. The study finds that human give meaning to their families based on their experiences without differentiating gender, functions or roles. They demand equal rights for the conformation of the different family types and models, demonstrating the need to broaden perspectives on meanings attributed to family.

(analítico) Diante da existência existência de diferentes formas familiares e com o objetivo de compreender o significado que o ser humano dá à família a partir de sua diversidade, foi realizado um estudo narrativo com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como técnica a entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram membros de 3 formas familiares: homoparental, com filhos produto de inseminação e adotiva. Emergiram cinco categorias: definição de família, aceitação, criação, atitudes da família e ambiente social. Concluise que, a partir de sua diversidade, o ser humano dá sentido à família a partir de suas vivências, sem diferenciar gênero, papéis ou funções, portanto, demandam direitos iguais frente à conformação e dinâmica familiar dos diferentes modelos e formas de família, destacando a necessidade de ampliar o olhar sobre os significados atribuídos à familia.

Maternal educational practices and mental health disorders of school-age children

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren and maternal educational practices. Methods: Participants and Setting: 631 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2013 and 2014. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of intimate partner violence that occurred during pregnancy, postpartum, and seven years after birth for the physical and mental health of women and their children. Maternal educational practices were assessed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC - mother-child version) and the child's behavioral and emotional disorders through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mother-version. The association was estimated through crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using Poisson regression considering the 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of violent maternal educational practices was 91.8% (572/631) being 89.7% (566/631) of psychological aggression and 75.6% of physical aggression, subdivided into corporal punishment (73.5%), physical maltreatment (35.8%) and severe physical maltreatment (1.7%). Corporal punishment (Adjusted PR 1.5; CI 95%: 1.1-2.1; p = 0.010) and severe physical maltreatment (Adjusted PR 1.9; CI 95%: 1.3-2.8; p = 0.002) were associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. Conclusion: The high prevalence of violent maternal educational practices, especially corporal punishment and severe physical maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Therefore, it is necessary to interventions that promote parental support and effective use of non-violent discipline in conducting the educational process to establish healthier family relationships and to prevent/mitigate the impact of emotional and behavioral problems in children. © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Revisão sistemática de intervenções com pais na transição para parentalidade / Systematic review of interventions with parents in the transition to parenthood / Revisión sistemática de intervenciones con padres en la transición a la parentalidad

This study analyzed the effects of intervention programs aimed at mothers and fathers who were expecting their first child on the individual, marital, and parental domains of the transition to parenthood. We selected research articles published between 2008 and 2019 from the PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data collection was carried out between November and December 2019 by two independent judges, according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). After applying the inclusion criteria, we classified the results of 30 articles and 6782 participants into three themes corresponding to each assessed domain. Positive effects on each domain of the transition to parenthood were obtained, mostly from interventions on couple communication, problem-solving, and co-parenting. Enhancements in the couple's relationship improve parents' mental health and marital satisfaction, which may promote parental emotional availability and responsiveness.

Este estudo analisou os efeitos de programas de intervenção com mães e pais à espera do primeiro filho sobre os domínios individual, conjugal e parental da transição para a parentalidade. Foram selecionados artigos empíricos publicados entre 2008 e 2019 nas bases de dados PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, e Web of Science. A coleta de dados foi realizada por dois juízes independentes, conforme as recomendações do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review e Meta-Analyzes). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, os resultados de 30 artigos e 6782 participantes foram classificados em três temas correspondentes a cada domínio avaliado. Foram verificados efeitos positivos em cada domínio da transição para a parentalidade, principalmente com intervenções sobre a comunicação de casal, solução de problemas e coparentalidade. Os benefícios para o relacionamento do casal favoreceram a saúde mental e a satisfação conjugal dos pais, o que pode promover maior disponibilidade emocional e capacidade de resposta dos pais.

Este estudio analizó los efectos de programas de intervención con madres y padres en los dominios individual, matrimonial y parental de la transición a la parentalidad. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2019 de las bases de datos PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science. La recolección se realizó por dos jueces independientes, según las recomendaciones de PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se clasificaron los resultados de 30 artículos y 6782 participantes en tres temas correspondientes a cada dominio. Se obtuvieron efectos positivos en cada dominio de la transición, principalmente con intervenciones sobre la comunicación de la pareja, la resolución de problemas y la coparentalidad. Los beneficios en la relación de pareja mejoran la salud mental de los padres y la satisfacción marital, lo que puede promover la disponibilidad emocional y la capacidad de respuesta de los padres.

Estilos parentais e vinculação aos pares fazem a diferença nos motivos do consumo de álcool em jovens universitários? / ¿Los estilos parentales y el apego a los compañeros marcan la diferencia en los motivos de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios? / Do Parenting Styles and Peer Attachment Make a Difference in the Reasons for Alcohol Consumption in University Students?

A literatura suporta a importância da relação entre os jovens e as figuras parentais para um desenvolvimen-to adaptativo, nomeadamente capacidades pró-sociais e menor envolvimento em comportamentos de risco. A qualidade das relações com os pares pode também desempenhar um papel protetor no que respeita ao consumo de álcool. O objetivo deste estudo foca-se na análise do efeito dos estilos parentais e da vinculação aos pares nos motivos de consumo de álcool. Participaram 1.044 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 25 anos (m= 19.78; dp= 1.68). De forma a recolher os dados recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), ao Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), ao Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) e ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor positivo dos estilos parentais autoritários e permissivos e da alienação aos pares face aos motivos de consumo de álcool e um efeito preditor negativo do estilo parental democrático e de uma vinculação aos pares pautada por comunicação e confiança. As mulheres apresentam maior qualidade relacional com os pares comparativa-mente com os jovens do sexo masculino. Os rapazes apre-sentam uma maior diversidade de motivos de consumo de álcool. Os resultados são discutidos considerando a relevância dos estilos parentais e qualidade das relações com os pares no desenvolvimento pessoal e as motivações dos jovens adultos, em contexto universitário, para a assunção de comportamentos de risco.

La literatura apoya la importancia de la relación entre los jóvenes y las figuras parentales para un desarrollo adaptativo, es decir, habilidades prosociales y menor involucramiento en conductas de riesgo. La calidad de las relaciones con los compañeros también puede desempeñar un papel protector con respecto al consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de los estilos de crianza y el apego entre pares, sobre las razones para el consumo de alcohol. Participaron 1.044 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años (m= 19.78; ds= 1.68). Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), el Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), el Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) y el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Los resultados indican un efecto predictivo positivo de los estilos parentales autoritarios, permisivos y de alienación de los pares ante los motivos del consumo de alcohol, y un efecto predictivo negativo del estilo paren-tal democrático y de apego a los pares basado en la comunicación y la confianza. Las mujeres tienen más calidad relacional con sus compañeros que los hombres jóvenes. Los hombres tienen una mayor diversidad de motivos para el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados se discuten considerando la relevancia de los estilos de crianza y la calidad de las relaciones con los pares en el desarrollo personal, y las motivaciones de los jóvenes en un contexto universitario para asumir con-ductas de riesgo.

The importance of the relationship between young people and their parental figures for adaptative de-velopment has been supported by literature, namely prosocial capacities and less involvement in risk beha-viors. The quality of peer relationships may also play a protective role regarding alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of parenting styles and peer attachment on the reasons for alcohol consumption. Participants were 1.044 university stu-dents of both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age (m = 19.78; sd = 1.68). For data collection, a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), the Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit) were used. The results reveal a positive predictive effect of negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) and alienation with peers on the reasons for alcohol consumption and a negative predictive impact on democratic parenting style and peer attachment ba-sed on communication and trust. Women have a better relational quality with their peers compared to males. Men have a greater diversity of reasons for consuming alcohol. Results are discussed considering the relevance of parenting styles, the quality of peer relationships in personal development, and the motivations of young adults, in a university context, for risk-taking behavior.

Relationship of latent classes of emotional behavior of children with mental disorders with sense of parenting competence and psychological distress of parents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the latent classes of emotional behavior of children with mental disorders, and their relationship with parents' sense of parenting competence and psychological distress.Methods:A survey of 327 parents of children with mental disorders was conducted from September to December 2022 using the general information questionnaire, the sense of parenting competence scale, the Kessler psychological distress scale, and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (parent version). Mplus 8.0 and SPSS 25.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis.The latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of children with mental disorders based on their emotional behavior.Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors.Results:Latent class analysis showed that the emotional behaviors of children with mental disorders were divided into 3 categories: emotion-conduct problem prominent group (38.53%(126/327)), simple emotional problem group (44.65%(146/327)), and emotion-peer interaction significant group (16.82%(55/327)). The differences among the 3 latent classes were statistically significant (all P<0.05) in terms of parents' parenting competence, satisfaction, and psychological distress scores.Compared with the emotion-conduct problem prominent group, the higher the parental parenting knowledge and parenting competence, the emotional behavior of children with mental disorders tended to be in the simple emotional problem group ( B=0.699, OR=2.011, 95% CI=1.046-3.868; B=0.088, OR=1.092, 95% CI=1.017-1.173). Compared with the " emotion-conduct problem prominent group" , the emotional behavior of children with mental disorders aged 13 to 18 years old tended to be in the " emotion-peer interaction significant group" ( B=1.982, OR=7.255, 95% CI=1.637-32.141). Conclusion:The emotional behavior of children with mental disorders is heterogeneous, and there are differences in sense of parenting competence and psychological distress of parents among different latent classes of children with mental disorders.

Attitudes towards suicidal behavior and related factors in adolescent patients with depressive episode / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundAttitude towards suicide among adolescents is closely linked with their suicidal behavior. Previous studies on suicidal attitudes and related factors primarily focused on school samples， with limited research on relevant clinical samples of adolescents with depressive episode. ObjectiveTo analyze the attitudes towards suicidal behavior and the influencing factors in adolescent patients with depressive episode， so as to provide references for suicide intervention in this population. MethodsA total of 100 adolescent patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive episode according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were selected from the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu from May 2021 to July 2022. A self-designed general demographic questionnaire， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， Suicide Attitude Questionnaire （QSA）， Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU） and Internet Addiction Test （IAT） were used to evaluate the patients' depressive symptoms， attitudes towards suicide， parenting styles and Internet addiction， respectively. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine the correlation between the factor scores of attitudes towards suicidal behavior in QSA and demographic characteristics， HAMD-17 score， EMBU score and IAT score. Multiple linear regression was conducted to screen the risk factors associated with attitudes towards suicidal behavior， and ROC curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each factor. ResultsThe scores on attitudes towards suicidal behavior in QSA among adolescent patients with depressive episode were positively correlated with scores on attitude towards the suicidal person， attitude towards euthanasia， as well as scores on mother's emotional warmth and understanding factor （r=0.210~0.485， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Conversely， they were negatively correlated with father's education level， suicidal behavior in the past 6 months， HAMD-17 score， IAT score， father's punishment and harshness， father's overinvolved， father's rejection and denial， father's overprotection， mother's overinvolved and overprotection， mother's rejection and denial， and mother's punishment and harshness factor scores （r=-0.571~-0.290， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that QSA scores on attitude towards the suicidal person （β=0.198， P<0.01） and attitude towards euthanasia （β=0.302， P<0.01） positively predicted score on attitude towards suicidal behavior， and fathers' education level （β=-0.180， P=0.043）， HAMD-17 scores （β=-0.366， P<0.01） and IAT scores （β=-0.191， P=0.030） negatively predicted scores on attitude towards suicidal behavior. The differences in predictive efficacy between the factors were not statistically significant （Z=-1.289~0.092， P>0.05）. ConclusionInternet addiction， depression severity， attitudes towards suicide， attitudes towards euthanasia and father's education level may influence attitudes towards suicidal behavior in adolescent patients with depressive episode. ［Funded by Scientific Research Project of Wuhu Municipal Health Commission in 2021 （number， WHWJ2021y076）， Bengbu Medical College Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Project （number， Byycxz21040）］

The role of mother-child relationship in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the moderating effect of mother-child relationship in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.@*METHODS@#Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 2 049 preschool children were surveyed from November to December 2021, who sampled from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children were assessed with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of maternal parenting stress and mother-child relationship with children's emotional and behavioral problems. The PROCESS Macro was used to analyze the moderating effect of conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in these preschool children.@*RESULTS@#Among these preschool children, maternal parenting stress was positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); intimate mother-child relationships were negatively correlated with the scores of conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships were positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001). After controlling for relevant confounding factors, conflicted mother-child relationship (β=0.05, P=0.001) and dependent mother-child relationship (β=0.04, P=0.012) were found to have a moderating effect on the association between maternal parenting stress and total difficulty scores in these preschool children.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Negative mother-child relationships play a moderating role in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Prevention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children should focus on reducing maternal parenting stress and improving negative mother-child relationships.

Inventory of parenting systems and styles: a measure for early childhood / Inventário de sistemas e estilos parentais: uma medida para a primeira infância / Inventario de estilos y sistemas de crianza: una medida para la primera infância

The Component Model of Parenting (CMP), from an evolutionary perspective, proposes a phylogenetically evolved repertoire of six systems (body contact, body stimulation, face-to-face exchange, object stimulation, and primary care) and two parenting styles (distal and proximal) by combining some of these systems. We developed the Inventory of Parenting Systems and Styles (ISEP) and applied it to hospitals and schools to analyze its psychometric properties. The parenting measure analysis we propose evolved 70 primary caregivers of young children with a mean age of 22.44 months. ISEP consists of 26 daily situations and assesses the most common parenting practices caregivers adopted in each one of them. Besides, we created a Coding Guide to Parenting Practice. It enabled us to classify each response according to the CMP systems. We found a variance of 84.67% and 95.55% in codification agreement between expert judges and a significant intraclass correlation coefficient for all parenting systems, which discloses validity evidence on the response process of the inventory. Our analyses indicated the occurrence of all parental systems, with a prevalence of narrative envelope and body stimulation. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters, one formed by proximal style and another by distal style, in accordance with the interactions of the system, representing a validity of evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument. ISEP provides reasonable measures for research and professional practice in Psychology. Further research with more extensive and diverse samples is necessary to refine the instrument and, especially its guide.(AU)

O Modelo de Componentes da Parentalidade (MCP) da perspectiva evolucionista propõe seis sistemas - contato corporal, estimulação corporal, contato face a face, estimulação por objeto, envelope narrativo e cuidado primário - universais e filogeneticamente evoluídos, e dois estilos parentais - distal e proximal - oriundos da combinação de alguns desses sistemas. Para analisar propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de parentalidade, o Inventário de Sistemas e Estilos Parentais (ISEP) foi aplicado em contexto escolar e hospitalar, em 70 cuidadores primários de crianças com idade média de 24,44 meses. O ISEP, construído para este estudo, apresenta 26 situações cotidianas e solicita que cuidadores indiquem a prática parental mais comumente adotada em cada uma delas, e cada resposta foi classificada em um dos sistemas do MCP por um Guia de Codificação de Práticas Parentais. A concordância entre juízes com a codificação variou entre 84,67% e 95,55%, e os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram significativos para todos os sistemas de parentalidade, representando uma evidência de validade por processo de resposta do inventário. As análises indicaram a ocorrência de todos os sistemas parentais, com predominância de envelope narrativo e estimulação corporal. Uma análise de cluster formou dois conglomerados, um derivando o estilo proximal e outro o estilo distal, de acordo com a interação entre os sistemas, constituindo uma evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna do instrumento. O ISEP mostrou ser uma medida promissora para a pesquisa e a prática profissional em Psicologia. Outras pesquisas com amostras mais amplas e diversificadas são necessárias para refinamento do instrumento e do guia.(AU)

El Modelo Componencial del Parentaje (MCP), desde una perspectiva evolutiva, propone seis sistemas (contacto corporal, estimulación corporal, contacto cara a cara, estimulación con objetos, envoltura narrativa y atención primaria), universales y filogenéticamente evolucionados, así como dos estilos parentales (distal y proximal) que se originan combinando algunos de ellos. Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una medida parental, se aplicó el Inventario de Estilos y Sistemas de Crianza (ISEP), en el contexto escolar y hospitalario, a 70 cuidadores primarios de niños con una edad media de 24,44 meses. El ISEP fue construido para el presente estudio, presenta 26 situaciones cotidianas y crianza los cuidadores deben indicar la práctica parental más común adoptada en cada una de ellas. Una Guía de Codificación de Prácticas Parentales permite clasificar cada respuesta en uno de los sistemas del MCP. La concordancia entre los jueces con la codificación varió entre 84,67% y 95,55% y los coeficientes de inter-correlación en todos los sistemas parentales fueron significativos, evidenciando su validez por el proceso de respuesta al inventario. Los análisis indicaron la ocurrencia de todos los sistemas parentales, con predominio de envoltura narrativa y estimulación corporal. Un análisis de clusters formó dos conglomerados, derivando el estilo proximal y el estilo distal, según la interacción entre los sistemas, constituyendo evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna del instrumento. El ISEP demostró ser una medida valida y fiable para la investigación y la práctica profesional en Psicología. Se necesita más investigación con muestras más grandes y diversificadas para perfeccionar el instrumento.(AU)

Metas e práticas de socialização parental que impactam a adaptação das crianças nas famílias adotivas / Parental socialization goals and practices that impact children's adaptation in adoptive families / Metas y prácticas de socialización parental que impactan la adaptación de los niños en las familias adoptivas

Nosso objetivo foi identificar as metas e as práticas de socialização parental que impactam a adaptação das crianças em suas famílias adotivas, assim como a percepção dos pais adotivos sobre interações de qualidade, desenvolvimento, desafios da adoção e estratégias utilizadas para lidar com os desafios. Foi realizado um grupo focal com seis participantes (cinco famílias) com filhos por adoção, todos residentes no estado do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano foi utilizada para compreender os resultados. As metas de socialização predominantes foram Autoaperfeiçoamento e Expectativas Sociais, o que demonstra metas relacionadas tanto na esfera individual quanto relacional. Este estudo servirá como base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções voltadas para pais adotivos, a fim de promover estratégias de socialização positivas que visam otimizar a adaptação das crianças adotivas em suas famílias, bem como promover o desenvolvimento infantil positivo

Our objective was to identify the goals and practices of parental socialization that impact children's adaptation in their adoptive families, as well as adoptive parents' perceptions about quality interactions, development, adoption challenges, and strategies used to deal with the challenges. A focus group was carried out with six participants (five families) of adopted children, all residing in the state of Espírito Santo. Data were analyzed based on Bardin's Content Analysis. The Bioecological Human Development Theory was used to understand the results. The predominant socialization goals were Self-improvement and Social Expectations, which demonstrate goals related to individual and relational levels. This study will serve as a basis for the development of interventions directed to adoptive parents aiming to promote positive socialization strategies that intend to optimize the adaptation of adopted children in their families, as well as to promote positive child development

Nuestro objetivo fue identificar las metas y las prácticas de socialización parental que impactan en la adaptación de los niños en sus familias adoptivas, así como la percepción de los padres adoptivos sobre interacciones de calidad, desarrollo, desafíos de la adopción y estrategias utilizadas para en-frentar los retos. Se realizó un grupo focal de seis participantes (cinco familias) y sus hijos adoptivos residentes en Espírito Santo. Se analizaron los datos en base al Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Se utilizó la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano para comprender los resultados. Las metas de socialización predominantes fueron Autoperfeccionamiento y Expectativas Sociales, lo que demuestra metas relacionadas tanto a nivel individual como relacional. Este estudio servirá como base para el desarrollo de intervenciones dirigidas a padres adoptivos, con el objetivo de promover estrategias de socialización positivas que pretender optimizar la adaptación de los niños adoptivos en sus familias, así como promover el desarrollo infantil positivo

Parenting styles and behavior problems in children followed by a basic protection service of Brazilian Unified Social Assistance System / Estilos parentais e problemas de comportamento em crianças assistidas em um serviço básico de proteção do Sistema Único de Assistência Social brasileiro / Estilos parentales y problemas de la conducta en niños asistidos en un servicio básico de protección del Sistema Único de Asistencia Social brasileño

The study aimed to assess the occurrence of problem behavior in children in vulnerable situation and its correlation with parenting styles, socio-demographic characteristics, and gender. This was a crosssectional study with 37 caregivers of children aged 6 and 11 years of age (x̄=8,6±1,5) assisted by a basic protection service of the Unified System of Social Service of a municipality in Paraná state. Both Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Parental Style Inventory IEP were administered. Correlations between SDQ and IEP subscales (ps<0,05) and between hyperactivity/ inattention and age (ρ=0,439; p<0,01) were found. Boys presented higher scores of total SDQ score (t(35)=-2,81; p=0,008) hyperactivity/ inattention (U=249,0; p=0,009) than girls. Lower socioeconomic condition and status and negative parenting practices are risk factors for childhood problem behavior. Then, intervention programs and public policies directed to their families might reduce the occurrence of problem behavior

Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de problemas de comportamento em crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade e sua correlação com estilos parentais, características sociodemográficas e gênero. É um estudo transversal realizado com 37 cuidadores de crianças entre seis e 11 anos de idade (x̄=8,6±1,5) assistidas por um serviço básico de proteção social de um município do estado do Paraná. Dados foram coletados por meio do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ) e o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Correlações entre subescalas do SDQ e IEP (ps<0,05) e entre hiperatividade/ falta de atenção e idade (ρ=0,439; p<0,01) foram identificadas. Meninos apresentaram escores de SDQ total (t(35)=-2,81; p=0,008) e de hiperatividade/falta de atenção (U=249,0; p=0,009) maiores do que as meninas. Condição socioeconômica baixa e práticas parentais negativas são fatores de risco para a apresentação de problemas de comportamento infantil. Consequentemente, programas e políticas públicas de assistência social direcionados às famílias podem reduzir a sua ocorrência

Objetivó evaluar la ocurrencia de problemas de la conducta en niños en situación de vulnerabilidad y su correlación con estilos parentales, características sociodemográficas y genero. Es un estudio transversal con 37 cuidadores de niños entre seis y 11 años (x̄=8,6±1,5) acompañados en un servicio básico de protección vinculado al Sistema Único de la Asistencia Social en una municipalidad del estado de Paraná. La coleta de dados ocurrió por medio del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) y el Inventario de Estilos Parentales (IEP). Correlaciones entre subescalas del SDQ y IEP (ps<0,05) y entre hiperactividad/ falta de atención y edad fueron identificadas (ρ=0,439; p<0,01). Niños presentaran escores de SDQ total (t(35)=-2,81; p=0,008) y hiperactividad/ falta de atención (U=249,0; p=0,009) mayores que las niñas. Bajas condiciones socioeconómicas y practicas parental negativa son factores de riesgo para la presentación de problemas de conducta infantil. Como consecuencia, programas y políticas de asistencia social dirigidas a estas familias pueden reducir su ocurrencia. Consequentemente, programas e políticas públicas de assistência social direcionados às famílias podem reduzir a sua ocorrência

The association between parenting styles, maternal self-efficacy, and social and emotional adjustment among Arab preschool children

Abstract Parenting styles and parental self-efficacy are major factors that affect the overall adjustment of children. The current study examined parenting styles and maternal self-efficacy and their association with social-emotional adjustment among Arab preschool children living in Israel. Parenting Styles Questionnaire , Maternal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire , and Adjustment Questionnaire were administered to 420 Arabic-speaking mothers of 3- to 4-year-old children. After employing multiple regression analyses, the results indicated that parenting styles and the overall adjustment of children were significantly correlated. More precisely, a significant association between authoritative parenting style and higher levels of social-emotional adjustment among preschool children was found. Furthermore, maternal self-efficacy was significantly correlated to the overall adjustment of children. In this regard, higher maternal self-efficacy is associated with increased social-emotional adjustment among preschool children. The findings of our study show the applicability of these constructs found relevant across numerous cultures in a unique sample of Arab children living in Israel. Lastly, this study supports intervention programs that promote authoritative parenting style and parental self-efficacy in Arab communities.

Stressors and maternal Coping in Congenital Zika virus Syndrome / Estressores e Coping materno no contexto da Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika

Objective: Congenital Zika virus Syndrome is characterized by a series of neurological changes bearing consequences for child development. In view of the large number of children born with microcephaly and other neurological disorders, this qualitative study sought to understand and review the coping strategies used by 10 mothers of children affected by the syndrome. Methods: A semi-structured interview was applied, which identified four main maternal stressors: diagnosis; childcare routine; child treatment; and development and access to health services. Results: The most used coping strategies with regard to these stressors were: information-seeking, problem-solving, and delegation. Conclusion: The implications of such results for the care of this population are discussed within the perspective of expanding the adaptive coping to these stressors and ensuring the necessary support for those families in the long and difficult process of taking care of a child with this syndrome.

Objetivo: A síndrome congênita do vírus Zika é caracterizada por uma série de alterações neurológicas com consequências para o desenvolvimento da criança. Diante do elevado número de crianças afetadas pela síndrome, nascidas com microcefalia e outros distúrbios neurológico, este estudo qualitativo buscou compreender e analisar as estratégias de coping utilizadas por 10 mães de crianças afetadas nessa situação. Método: Foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, que identificou quatro principais estressores maternos: o diagnóstico; a rotina e os cuidados com a criança; o tratamento e desenvolvimento da criança e a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Resultados: As estratégias de enfrentamento mais utilizadas para lidar com esses estressores foram: busca de informações, resolução de problemas e delegação. Conclusão: Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados para o cuidado das mães na perspectiva de ampliar o enfrentamento adaptativo aos estressores e garantir o suporte necessário às famílias no longo e difícil processo de cuidar de uma criança com a Síndrome Congênita do Vírus Zika.